BACKGROUND In most developing countries, open defecation is the 'way of life'. This practice is considered as the most serious health and environmental hazard. Prime Minister of India launched the "Swachh Bharat Mission" to accelerate the efforts for achieving universal sanitation coverage and to put focus on sanitation. OBJECTIVE To find the knowledge, attitude and practices of sanitary latr...

Introduction An early textbook in hydrology (Mead 1919) contains a remarkable chapter on ground water as well as two chapters on geology. The author, Daniel W. Mead, a professor of hydraulic and sanitary engineering at the University of Wisconsin (now the University of WisconsinMadison), based the text on lecture notes (published earlier, Mead [1904]) for his course in general hydrology. In fac...

1 Published in Spanish in B&tin de la Oficina Sanikm%z Panamericana Vol. LXII, No. 6 (June 1967), pp. 531-537. 2 Consultant in Sanitary Engineering Education, PAHO/WHO, Zone II, Mexico City. future in view of the increasing needs in environmental sanitation. Manpower is the major factor in the success or failure of the national sanitation programs, for the financing problem has been largely ove...

FIFTY years ago sanitary engineering in this country scarcely existed, even in name. The larger cities were provided with public water supplies and there was a general desire among sanitarians to supply water free from filth. Sewers in combination with storm water drains.had been built in the larger communities to a limited extent for several decades. Some of the more progressive engineers were...